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Electronic transformers play a vital role in modern electronic devices. According to the applicable frequency, electronic transformers can be divided into low-frequency transformers, medium-frequency transformers and high-frequency transformers. Each frequency segment of transformers has its own specific requirements in the design and manufacturing process, and one of the most critical factors is the material of the core. This article will discuss in detail the frequency classification of electronic transformers and their core materials.

Low-frequency transformers

Low-frequency transformers are mainly used in power electronics with a low frequency range, typically operating in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 60 Hz. These transformers are widely used in power transmission and distribution systems, such as power transformers and isolation transformers. The core of a low-frequency transformer is usually made of silicon steel sheets, also known as silicon steel sheets.

Silicon Steel Sheets are a type of soft magnetic material with a high silicon content, offering excellent magnetic permeability and low iron loss. In low-frequency applications, the use of silicon steel sheets effectively reduces transformer losses and improves efficiency. Additionally, silicon steel sheets have good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, ensuring the stability and reliability of transformers over long-term operation.

Mid-Frequency Transformers

Mid-frequency transformers typically operate in the range of several kilohertz (kHz) and are mainly used in communication equipment, power modules, and certain industrial control systems. The cores of mid-frequency transformers are usually made of amorphous magnetic materials.

Amorphous Magnetic Materials are alloys produced through a rapid cooling process, resulting in an amorphous atomic structure. The primary advantages of this material include extremely low iron loss and high magnetic permeability, providing excellent performance in the mid-frequency range. The use of amorphous magnetic materials effectively reduces energy losses in transformers and improves conversion efficiency, making them particularly suitable for applications requiring high efficiency and low loss.

High-Frequency Transformers

High-frequency transformers typically operate at frequencies in the megahertz (MHz) range or higher and are widely used in switching power supplies, high-frequency communication devices, and high-frequency heating equipment. The cores of high-frequency transformers are usually made of PC40 ferrite material.

PC40 Ferrite is a common high-frequency core material with high magnetic permeability and low hysteresis loss, providing excellent performance in high-frequency applications. Another significant characteristic of ferrite materials is their high electrical resistivity, which effectively reduces eddy current losses in the core, thereby improving transformer efficiency. The superior performance of PC40 ferrite makes it an ideal choice for high-frequency transformers, meeting the demands for high efficiency and low loss in high-frequency applications.

Conclusion

The frequency classification of electronic transformers and the selection of core materials are crucial factors influencing their performance and application range. Low-frequency transformers rely on the excellent magnetic permeability and mechanical properties of silicon steel sheets, mid-frequency transformers utilize the low loss characteristics of amorphous magnetic materials, while high-frequency transformers depend on the high magnetic permeability and low eddy current loss of PC40 ferrite. These material choices ensure efficient operation of transformers across different frequency ranges and provide a solid foundation for the reliability and performance of modern electronic devices.

By understanding and mastering this knowledge, engineers can better design and optimize electronic transformers to meet the demands of various application scenarios, supporting the continuous advancement and development of electronic devices.